bicycle-forum.net
Promoting biking discussion.

Main
Date: 26 Sep 2005 08:52:49
From: Jeff Grippe
Subject: More questions about winter triking
Nobody said anything in the Winter Triking thread about fairings. Do they
make a big difference in keeping the cold away?

Jeff






 
Date: 27 Sep 2005 20:53:03
From:
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

skip wrote:
> "Jeff Grippe" <jgrippe@hilldun.com> wrote in message
> news:11jfrr8q5j1d2a2@news.supernews.com...
>
>
> I ride a GRR with a super zzipper fairing. I don't much like the fairing
> when it gets really cold. When the fairing is properly installed on the GRR
> (according to the manufacturer) it will direct the all of the air that would
> be distributed to your legs, arms, and torso to the bridge of your nose,
> your eyes, your forehead and the top of your head. I get a headache in the
> first few miles with that set up, so I most often ride naked (that's
> recumbent speak for riding without a fairing) on those really cold days.

The cold head is why I wear a balacalva and ski goggles. Turns the
fairing from being a negative addition to a positive addition.

Enjoy,

Perry B



 
Date: 27 Sep 2005 19:36:15
From: Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

k Leuck wrote:
> "Mike Rice" <jodymike@gte.net> wrote in message
> news:4dpjj11011a11auc1lr6vc0l2ltg2fd79r@4ax.com...
> > ...
> > >Ride Route: Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville - Out and Back
> > <directions snipped>
> >
> > Thanks for the info. What's the distance? Turkey run is a pretty good
> > ride (for me) and this (reversed) sounds like a nice trip from there.
> >
> > Indiana Mike
>
> From Perrysville it's about 25-30 miles depending on the route although I
> would avoid riding US 41 at all cost[.]

It is about 28 miles each way, with two significant climbs in each
direction. US 41 has a paved shoulder on this part of the route and has
had relatively light traffic the times I have ridden there. However, I
have not done the ride during the tourist season.

Taking a fresh can of Halt [1] would not be a bad idea, since there is
usually more trouble with dogs than traffic.

[1] <http://www.halt.com/halt.html >.

--
Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley



 
Date: 27 Sep 2005 16:34:09
From: Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

k Leuck wrote:
> ...
> Trust me on this, it's [Perrysville, Indiana] gone downhill in the past few > years, not that it was
> ever that great to begin with although my mom, who works right across the
> street from that old dealership says otherwise[.]
>
> BTW: A trip to that general area isn't complete unless you stop by The Beef
> House[.]

I stopped at the Beef House [1] on the way back from looking at
Greenspeed trikes at Valley Bikes [2].

[1]
<http://chefmoz.org/United_States/IN/Covington/Beef_House1056929565.html >.
[2] Back when Dave Doty [3] was the proprietor and the store was
located in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
[3] Best known in recumbent circles for "blowing out" the last 195 new
Trek R200's at $600/each.
--
Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley

"Great Ford!
yawl smelling your clivus? pew!
a unique event
or transient actionable intelligence?
unclog!" - G. Daniels



 
Date: 27 Sep 2005 16:23:24
From: Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

Mike Rice wrote:
> On 26 Sep 2005 20:37:58 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
> <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> >
> >... Perrysville, Indiana
> >[1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
> >bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
> >
> >[1] Population ca. 500.
>
> Any link for the details of this route?

No. However, I will post the directions from an old cue sheet below. Be
aware that some landks may have changed (if I recall correctly, the
gray house was repainted blue).

Ride Route: Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville - Out and Back

Start: Ball Park Parking Lot - Approximately 1/4 mile South of the
4-way stop in Perrysville
Exit parking lot to the North
Right turn (East) on State Hwy. 32
Right turn (South) at T-intersection onto 600W (Stringtown Rd.)
Left Turn (East) onto 840S
Right Turn (South) at T-intersection onto 400W
Enter town of Cates, Left turn (East) before gray house onto 900S
Right turn (South) at T-intersection onto 280W (Kinaman Rd.)
Left turn (East) at T-intersection onto 1000S
Right turn (South) onto 70W (Kingman Road)
Right turn (West) at stop sign in Kingman onto State St. (State Hwy.
234)
- Rest Stop at former Dairy Queen (now ???)
Follow State Hwy. 234 to 280W (Tangiers Road)
Left turn (South) onto 280W (Tangiers Road)
Road changes to 375W at South County Line Road
Right turn (West) onto 1200N
Left turn (South) onto 400W
Left turn (East) at T-intersection in Tangiers onto 1050N
Right turn (South) onto US Hwy. 41 at T-intersection
Left turn (East) onto State Hwy. 47
- Rest Stop at convenience store on State Hwy. 47 - Rest stop and
turn around point
Or continue to Turkey Run State Park Entrance and turn around (optional
- approximately 1 extra mile)

Take State Hwy. 47 (West) to US Hwy. 41
Right turn (North) onto US Hwy. 41
Left turn (West) onto 1050N
Right turn (North) onto 400W at Tangiers
Right turn (East) onto 1200N
Left turn (North) onto 375W
Road changes to 280W at South County Line Road
Right Turn (NorthEast) onto State Hwy. 234
Left Turn (North) onto Second St. (70W) - Rest Stop at Dairy Queen
North on Second St. (70W) to 1000S
Left turn (West) onto 1000S
Right turn (North) onto 280W (Kinaman Rd.)
Left turn (West) onto 900S - Follow to Cates
Right turn (North) in Cates onto 400W
Left Turn (West) onto 840S
Right turn (North) onto 600W (Stringtown Rd.)
Left turn (West) on State Hwy. 32
Left turn (South) at 4-way Stop in Perrysville
Finish: Ball Park Parking Lot - Approximately 1/4 mile South of the
4-way stop in Perrysville
--
Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley

"Great Ford!
yawl smelling your clivus? pew!
a unique event
or transient actionable intelligence?
unclog!" - G. Daniels



  
Date: 28 Sep 2005 00:41:23
From: Mike Rice
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
On 27 Sep 2005 16:23:24 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
<sunsetss0003@yahoo.com > wrote:

>
>Mike Rice wrote:
>> On 26 Sep 2005 20:37:58 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
>> <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>> >
>> >... Perrysville, Indiana
>> >[1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
>> >bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
>> >
>> >[1] Population ca. 500.
>>
>> Any link for the details of this route?
>
>No. However, I will post the directions from an old cue sheet below. Be
>aware that some landks may have changed (if I recall correctly, the
>gray house was repainted blue).
>
>Ride Route: Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville - Out and Back
<directions snipped >

Thanks for the info. What's the distance? Turkey run is a pretty good
ride (for me) and this (reversed) sounds like a nice trip from there.

Indiana Mike



   
Date: 27 Sep 2005 20:26:50
From: Mark Leuck
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

"Mike Rice" <jodymike@gte.net > wrote in message
news:4dpjj11011a11auc1lr6vc0l2ltg2fd79r@4ax.com...
> On 27 Sep 2005 16:23:24 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
> <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> >
> >Mike Rice wrote:
> >> On 26 Sep 2005 20:37:58 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
> >> <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> >
> >> >... Perrysville, Indiana
> >> >[1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
> >> >bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
> >> >
> >> >[1] Population ca. 500.
> >>
> >> Any link for the details of this route?
> >
> >No. However, I will post the directions from an old cue sheet below. Be
> >aware that some landks may have changed (if I recall correctly, the
> >gray house was repainted blue).
> >
> >Ride Route: Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville - Out and Back
> <directions snipped>
>
> Thanks for the info. What's the distance? Turkey run is a pretty good
> ride (for me) and this (reversed) sounds like a nice trip from there.
>
> Indiana Mike

From Perrysville it's about 25-30 miles depending on the route although I
would avoid riding US 41 at all cost




 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 23:25:13
From: Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

k Leuck wrote:
> "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic" <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote in message
> news:1127792278.374363.291880@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> ...
> > Strike 3: There is no longer a SAAB dealership in Perrysville, Indiana
> > [1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
> > bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
>
> It's been gone for a number of years now, who could have predicted a
> dealership selling an virtually unknown brand (in that area anyway) that
> operated out of an old hardware store/bank in an obscure town of less than
> 300 off a main highway 63 in rual Indiana would fail? It boggles the mind[.]

That is what was so cool about it - a SAAB dealership in a town with
only one 4-way stop intersection! However, Perrysville is much bigger
than k Leuck states; the 2000 US Census indicated the population was
five hundred two (502).

> I don't know the route you took but less than a month ago I did a
> Covington/Perrysville/Cayuga/Turkey Run/Vetersburg ride. That was after the
> Covington/Attica/West Lafayette/Pine Village route, and the
> Champaign/Danville/Perrysville route....it was a busy couple of weeks[.]

[WARNING: RECUMBENT BICYCLE CONTENT]
Heading east out of Perrysville on Indiana Route 32, there is an
elevation change from approximately 490 feet MSL at the intersection
with Towpath/Silver Island Road to 670 feet MSL at the intersection
with River Road, and about 145 feet of that elevation change occurs
over the first quarter mile. The grade is steep enough that I had some
front wheel hop heading east on my RANS Rocket, and I obtained a
maximum speed of almost 50 mph returning westward.

--
Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley

"Great Ford!
yawl smelling your clivus? pew!
a unique event
or transient actionable intelligence?
unclog!" - G. Daniels



  
Date: 27 Sep 2005 03:51:32
From: Mark Leuck
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

"Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic" <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com > wrote in message
news:1127802313.468151.195070@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
>
> k Leuck wrote:
> > "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic" <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com> wrote in message
> > news:1127792278.374363.291880@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> > ...
> > > Strike 3: There is no longer a SAAB dealership in Perrysville, Indiana
> > > [1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
> > > bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
> >
> > It's been gone for a number of years now, who could have predicted a
> > dealership selling an virtually unknown brand (in that area anyway) that
> > operated out of an old hardware store/bank in an obscure town of less
than
> > 300 off a main highway 63 in rual Indiana would fail? It boggles the
mind[.]
>
> That is what was so cool about it - a SAAB dealership in a town with
> only one 4-way stop intersection! However, Perrysville is much bigger
> than k Leuck states; the 2000 US Census indicated the population was
> five hundred two (502).

Trust me on this, it's gone downhill in the past few years, not that it was
ever that great to begin with although my mom, who works right across the
street from that old dealership says otherwise

BTW: A trip to that general area isn't complete unless you stop by The Beef
House

> > I don't know the route you took but less than a month ago I did a
> > Covington/Perrysville/Cayuga/Turkey Run/Vetersburg ride. That was after
the
> > Covington/Attica/West Lafayette/Pine Village route, and the
> > Champaign/Danville/Perrysville route....it was a busy couple of weeks[.]
>
> [WARNING: RECUMBENT BICYCLE CONTENT]
> Heading east out of Perrysville on Indiana Route 32, there is an
> elevation change from approximately 490 feet MSL at the intersection
> with Towpath/Silver Island Road to 670 feet MSL at the intersection
> with River Road, and about 145 feet of that elevation change occurs
> over the first quarter mile. The grade is steep enough that I had some
> front wheel hop heading east on my RANS Rocket, and I obtained a
> maximum speed of almost 50 mph returning westward.

Not quite the same route I took but still a good one




 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 20:37:58
From: Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

$kip wrote:
> ...
> Actually I think those really cold days were the reason God invented Saabs
> with heated leather seats.

Strike 1: Since SAAB is an acronym for Svenska Aeroplan AB, it should
always be in capital letters. However, the company (the automotive
division is now part of General Motors Corporation) incorrectly uses
"Saab".

Strike 2: The new SAAB cars have the ignition switch on the steering
column, instead of on the console by the parking brake where it
belongs.

Strike 3: There is no longer a SAAB dealership in Perrysville, Indiana
[1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).

[1] Population ca. 500.
--
Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley

"Great Ford!
yawl smelling your clivus? pew!
a unique event
or transient actionable intelligence?
unclog!" - G. Daniels



  
Date: 27 Sep 2005 20:21:23
From: Mike Rice
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
On 26 Sep 2005 20:37:58 -0700, "Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic"
<sunsetss0003@yahoo.com > wrote:

>
>... Perrysville, Indiana
>[1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
>bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).
>
>[1] Population ca. 500.

Any link for the details of this route?

Indiana Mike



  
Date: 26 Sep 2005 23:58:39
From: Mark Leuck
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

"Sunset Lowracer [TM] Fanatic" <sunsetss0003@yahoo.com > wrote in message
news:1127792278.374363.291880@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
> $kip wrote:
> > ...
> > Actually I think those really cold days were the reason God invented
Saabs
> > with heated leather seats.
>
> Strike 1: Since SAAB is an acronym for Svenska Aeroplan AB, it should
> always be in capital letters. However, the company (the automotive
> division is now part of General Motors Corporation) incorrectly uses
> "Saab".

I should think since it is owned by GM they can call it what they want and
it would be correct

>
> Strike 2: The new SAAB cars have the ignition switch on the steering
> column, instead of on the console by the parking brake where it
> belongs.

At one time most cars had it where Saab now puts it, I prefered it that way
in spite of the fact I don't care for Saab cars

> Strike 3: There is no longer a SAAB dealership in Perrysville, Indiana
> [1] (starting point of the Perrysville - Turkey Run - Perrysville
> bicycle route, an excellent recumbent bicycle ride).

It's been gone for a number of years now, who could have predicted a
dealership selling an virtually unknown brand (in that area anyway) that
operated out of an old hardware store/bank in an obscure town of less than
300 off a main highway 63 in rual Indiana would fail? It boggles the mind

I don't know the route you took but less than a month ago I did a
Covington/Perrysville/Cayuga/Turkey Run/Vetersburg ride. That was after the
Covington/Attica/West Lafayette/Pine Village route, and the
Champaign/Danville/Perrysville route....it was a busy couple of weeks

(mom lives in Covington and used to live outside of Perrysville)




>
> [1] Population ca. 500.
> --
> Tom Sherman - Fox River Valley
>
> "Great Ford!
> yawl smelling your clivus? pew!
> a unique event
> or transient actionable intelligence?
> unclog!" - G. Daniels
>




   
Date: 27 Sep 2005 09:56:49
From: gotbent
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking AND GM

>
> I should think since it is owned by GM they can call it what they want and
> it would be correct
>
>>
I saw an ad in the local paper this weekend for a G.M. Buick "TERRAZA". At
least the keting whores at GM didn't steal Pat Franz's hyphen too.



----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Uncensored-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 20:18:56
From:
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

skip wrote:
> When the fairing is properly installed on the GRR
> (according to the manufacturer) it will direct the all of the air that would
> be distributed to your legs, arms, and torso to the bridge of your nose,
> your eyes, your forehead and the top of your head.

I have a little lip added to my fairing that directs air upward. I
also use a visor on my helmet, with a partial clear face shield. I
look under the clear shield, amd over the lip on the fairing. I get no
direct wind on my face unless there is a strong crosswind. I ride with
nothing directly in front of my eyes at temps well below 0F. This is
necessary because at those temps your breath will frost up anything you
are trying to see through.

http://mnhpva.org/MNbikes/pix/kWinter.jpg is a lousy shot of the
shield on the helmet, and the lip on the fairing. As I sit much lower
on the trike, the lip is now only a couple of inches high.



 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 21:28:59
From: skip
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking

"Jeff Grippe" <jgrippe@hilldun.com > wrote in message
news:11jfrr8q5j1d2a2@news.supernews.com...
> Nobody said anything in the Winter Triking thread about fairings. Do they
> make a big difference in keeping the cold away?
>
> Jeff
>

I ride a GRR with a super zzipper fairing. I don't much like the fairing
when it gets really cold. When the fairing is properly installed on the GRR
(according to the manufacturer) it will direct the all of the air that would
be distributed to your legs, arms, and torso to the bridge of your nose,
your eyes, your forehead and the top of your head. I get a headache in the
first few miles with that set up, so I most often ride naked (that's
recumbent speak for riding without a fairing) on those really cold days.



Actually I think those really cold days were the reason God invented Saabs
with heated leather seats.






 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 13:23:25
From:
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
A fairing's effectiveness has a lot to do with size, shape and how
close it is to the rider.
http://bikesmithdesign.com/2WD_Trike/Fairing.html allows me to ride
with just a cotton turtleneck and a light wool sweater at +5F. The
fairing is a 15 year old SuperZipper Experimenter Kit bubble and some
6mm Corroplast.

I pefer this to a full velomobile, as I'm a sweaty guy and need airflow
on my body.



  
Date: 26 Sep 2005 16:40:23
From: Jeff Grippe
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
That's pretty impressive. Have you ever looked at the Tricruiser? If you
wouldn't mind taking a look at www.americruiser.com I'd be curious to know
what type of fairing might work that give good winter protection.

Thanks,
Jeff
<k@bikesmithdesign.com > wrote in message
news:1127766205.099547.277980@g43g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>A fairing's effectiveness has a lot to do with size, shape and how
> close it is to the rider.
> http://bikesmithdesign.com/2WD_Trike/Fairing.html allows me to ride
> with just a cotton turtleneck and a light wool sweater at +5F. The
> fairing is a 15 year old SuperZipper Experimenter Kit bubble and some
> 6mm Corroplast.
>
> I pefer this to a full velomobile, as I'm a sweaty guy and need airflow
> on my body.
>




 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 21:45:41
From: DD
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
Jeff Grippe wrote:
> Nobody said anything in the Winter Triking thread about fairings. Do they
> make a big difference in keeping the cold away?
>
> Jeff
>
>
I haven't used my nose fairing on the trike in cold weather but I can
tell you that on my uprights with handlebar bags on cold days I find
myself subconsciously trying to crawl into that sheltered spot under the
top flap. So there is some truth to this, that a front fairing can cut
out wind chill to some extent. How much and is it worthwhile is to be
considered.
So if your front fairing is big enough, which may bring the fairing into
impractical dimensions, you won't have worry about windchill. You might
if the weather includes more than just cold consider windscreen wipers.
Front fairings are an artform for bikes and trikes and can cause a lot
of trouble but can also be very worthwhile. Cons are difficulties in
mounting, disruption of headlights and vision, hazards in sidewinds and
traffic, cooling/heat loss issues, scratching or shattering of the
fairing material, weight, local vehicle legalities, cost. Pros are
aerodynamics, shelter from the elements, a framework for the fairing
that you can (or must) hang other things off, individuality of your
pedal steed.
Want to investigate this further? Try the WISIL site. There may be
something here but your own circumstances may not suit going to this
trouble.


  
Date: 26 Sep 2005 10:30:54
From: Jeff Grippe
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
My other consideration (which is a big one because of the big $$$'s or
whatever your local currency may be) is to get a "Pedal Car" which is fully
enclosed, lighted, and heated.

My ride to the train station is mostly flat and I do have a parking space. I
don't mind the extra work for something that would obviously be quite heavy.

Anyone that can point me to web site for such a thing would be appreciated.

Jeff
"DD" <me@u.com > wrote in message
news:4337fb88$0$24138$5a62ac22@per-qv1-newsreader-01.iinet.net.au...
> Jeff Grippe wrote:
>> Nobody said anything in the Winter Triking thread about fairings. Do they
>> make a big difference in keeping the cold away?
>>
>> Jeff
> I haven't used my nose fairing on the trike in cold weather but I can tell
> you that on my uprights with handlebar bags on cold days I find myself
> subconsciously trying to crawl into that sheltered spot under the top
> flap. So there is some truth to this, that a front fairing can cut out
> wind chill to some extent. How much and is it worthwhile is to be
> considered.
> So if your front fairing is big enough, which may bring the fairing into
> impractical dimensions, you won't have worry about windchill. You might if
> the weather includes more than just cold consider windscreen wipers. Front
> fairings are an artform for bikes and trikes and can cause a lot of
> trouble but can also be very worthwhile. Cons are difficulties in
> mounting, disruption of headlights and vision, hazards in sidewinds and
> traffic, cooling/heat loss issues, scratching or shattering of the fairing
> material, weight, local vehicle legalities, cost. Pros are aerodynamics,
> shelter from the elements, a framework for the fairing that you can (or
> must) hang other things off, individuality of your pedal steed.
> Want to investigate this further? Try the WISIL site. There may be
> something here but your own circumstances may not suit going to this
> trouble.




   
Date: 26 Sep 2005 15:59:41
From: Peter Clinch
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
Jeff Grippe wrote:
> My other consideration (which is a big one because of the big $$$'s or
> whatever your local currency may be) is to get a "Pedal Car" which is fully
> enclosed, lighted, and heated.
>
> My ride to the train station is mostly flat and I do have a parking space. I
> don't mind the extra work for something that would obviously be quite heavy.

Google "velomobile". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velomobile has links
to many popular models.

Pete.
--
Peter Clinch Medical Physics IT Officer
Tel 44 1382 660111 ext. 33637 Univ. of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital
Fax 44 1382 640177 Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland UK
net p.j.clinch@dundee.ac.uk http://www.dundee.ac.uk/~pjclinch/



 
Date: 26 Sep 2005 14:15:36
From: Peter Clinch
Subject: Re: More questions about winter triking
Jeff Grippe wrote:
> Nobody said anything in the Winter Triking thread about fairings. Do they
> make a big difference in keeping the cold away?

tail fairings, not much ;-)

nose fairings they'll directly reduce windchill to any parts they block
direct airflow to.

Pete.
--
Peter Clinch Medical Physics IT Officer
Tel 44 1382 660111 ext. 33637 Univ. of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital
Fax 44 1382 640177 Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland UK
net p.j.clinch@dundee.ac.uk http://www.dundee.ac.uk/~pjclinch/